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passed legislation

  • 1 passed legislation

    Юридический термин: принятое законодательство

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > passed legislation

  • 2 passed legislation

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > passed legislation

  • 3 passed legislation

    Англо-русский юридический словарь > passed legislation

  • 4 legislation

    законодательство; законодательный акт; закон; законодательная деятельность, нормотворческая деятельность

    legislation by reference — осуществление законодательной деятельности отсылкой к другому закону;

    legislation by veto — ветирование законодательства;

    legislation in force — действующее законодательство;

    to adopt legislation — принять законодательство;

    to initiate legislation — выступить с законодательной инициативой;

    to introduce legislation — внести законопроект;

    to offer legislation — предлагать законодательство;

    to pass legislation — принять законодательство;

    to promulgate legislation — обнародовать законодательство;

    to propose legislation — предлагать законодательство;

    to sponsor legislation — "проталкивать" законодательство

    - adjective legislation
    - adopted legislation
    - ambiguous legislation
    - amended legislation
    - amending legislation
    - antitrust legislation
    - business legislation
    - buy national legislation
    - challenged legislation
    - changed legislation
    - changing legislation
    - civil legislation
    - classified legislation
    - clear legislation
    - comprehensive legislation
    - congressional legislation
    - consolidated legislation
    - constitutional legislation
    - consumer legislation
    - continuing legislation
    - correctional legislation
    - criminal legislation
    - crisis legislation
    - current legislation
    - delegated legislation
    - detailed legislation
    - direct legislation
    - domestic legislation
    - draft legislation
    - emergency legislation
    - enabling legislation
    - environmental legislation
    - executive legislation
    - executively-advocated legislation
    - executively-initiated legislation
    - executively-sponsored legislation
    - existing legislation
    - expiring legislation
    - ex post facto legislation
    - federal legislation
    - general legislation
    - implementing legislation
    - initiated legislation
    - innovative legislation
    - introduced legislation
    - judicial legislation
    - labour legislation
    - maritime legislation
    - mercantile legislation
    - military legislation
    - model legislation
    - naval legislation
    - newly enacted legislation
    - novel legislation
    - omnibus legislation
    - option legislation
    - organic legislation
    - overall legislation
    - oversight legislation
    - parent legislation
    - particular legislation
    - passed legislation
    - patent legislation
    - penal legislation
    - pending legislation
    - penitentiary legislation
    - permanent legislation
    - prison legislation
    - private legislation
    - procedural legislation
    - proposed legislation
    - prospective legislation
    - punitive legislation
    - regulatory legislation
    - remedial legislation
    - repealed legislation
    - repealing legislation
    - requisite legislation
    - restricting legislation
    - resulting legislation
    - retroactive legislation
    - social legislation
    - special legislation
    - specific legislation
    - state legislation
    - subordinate legislation
    - supplementary legislation
    - tariff legislation
    - war legislation
    - continuous legislation
    - merchant legislation
    - restrictive legislation
    - retrospective legislation

    Англо-русский юридический словарь > legislation

  • 5 passed

    - passed law
    - passed legislation

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > passed

  • 6 enabling legislation

    English-spanish dictionary > enabling legislation

  • 7 принятое законодательство

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > принятое законодательство

  • 8 прийняте законодавство

    adopted legislation, passed legislation

    Українсько-англійський юридичний словник > прийняте законодавство

  • 9 принятое законодательство

    adopted (enacted, passed) legislation

    Юридический русско-английский словарь > принятое законодательство

  • 10 принятое законодательство

    adopted (enacted, passed) legislation

    Русско-английский юридический словарь > принятое законодательство

  • 11 the power behind the throne

    "власть за троном", невидимая власть [выражение основано на высказывании английского государственного деятеля У. Питта Старшего (W. Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, 1708-78); см. цитату]

    A long train of these practices has at length unwillingly convinced me that there is some thing behind the throne, greater than the King himself. (W. Pitt, ‘Speech in the House of Lords’, March 2, 1770, APT) — Многочисленные факты подобного рода наконец убедили меня против моей воли, что существует власть за троном, превышающая власть самого короля.

    She stretched her arms above her head and danced to the music, slowly, voluptuously. Maybe she was really made for the days of great courtesans - the power behind the throne... (D. Cusack, ‘Black Lightning’, part IV) — Подняв руки над головой, она танцевала в сладострастной истоме в такт музыке. Может, она действительно создана для того времени, когда великие куртизанки были невидимыми вершителями судеб государства.

    In response to the anti-monopoly movement of the New period, Congress passed legislation which was supposed to disclose the real powers behind the corporate thrones... (V. Perlo, ‘The Empire of High Finance’, ch. V) — Правда, под давлением антимонополистического движения периода "Нового курса" Конгресс принял законы, разоблачающие истинные силы, стоящие за тронами корпораций...

    Well, it happens that the power behind the throne in that paper, the man who really owns it, is George C. Belter. (E. S. Gardner, ‘The Case of the Velvet Claws’, ch. 6) — Следует сказать, что Джордж К. Велтер - фактический владелец этого журнальчика и его невидимый миру вдохновитель.

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > the power behind the throne

  • 12 age discrimination

    HR
    unfavorable treatment in employment based on prejudice in relation to a person’s age. While age discrimination affects people at all stages of their working lives, difficulties experienced in selection, development, and promotion can be particularly acute at the two extremes of the age spectrum. Countries such as Australia and the United States have passed legislation to make it unlawful to discriminate on grounds of age.

    The ultimate business dictionary > age discrimination

  • 13 ageism

    HR
    unfavorable treatment in employment based on prejudice in relation to a person’s age. While age discrimination affects people at all stages of their working lives, difficulties experienced in selection, development, and promotion can be particularly acute at the two extremes of the age spectrum. Countries such as Australia and the United States have passed legislation to make it unlawful to discriminate on grounds of age.

    The ultimate business dictionary > ageism

  • 14 the power behind the throne

       "влacть зa тpoнoм", нeвидимaя влacть [выpaжeниe ocнoвaнo нa выcкaзывaнии aнглийcкoгo гocудapcтвeннoгo дeятeля Ч. Питтa Cтapшeгo]
        In response to the anti-monopoly movement of the New period. Congress passed legislation which was supposed to disclose the real powers behind the corporate thrones (V. Perlo). Well, it happens that the power behind the throne in that paper, the man who really owns it, is George C. Belter (E. S. Gardner)

    Concise English-Russian phrasebook > the power behind the throne

  • 15 aprobar

    v.
    1 to approve (proyecto, medida).
    Ricardo aprobó el proyecto Richard approved the project.
    2 to pass (examen, asignatura).
    me han aprobado en química I passed my chemistry exam
    María aprobó y pudo descansar Mary passed and was able to rest.
    3 to approve of (comportamiento).
    4 to give one's approval, to approve, to assent, to give the nod.
    El general aprobó The general gave his approval.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ CONTAR], like link=contar contar
    1 (gen) to approve; (ley) to pass
    2 (estar de acuerdo) to approve of
    3 EDUCACIÓN (examen, asignatura) to pass
    1 to pass
    * * *
    verb
    1) to approve, endorse
    2) pass
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ ley, proyecto de ley] to pass; [+ informe, plan, acuerdo] to approve, endorse
    2) [+ alumno, asignatura] to pass

    ¿aprobaste el examen? — did you pass the exam?

    3) [+ decisión, actitud] to approve of
    2.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <proyecto de ley/moción> to pass; <préstamo/acuerdo/plan> to approve, sanction; <actuación/conducta> to approve of
    2) estudiante < examen> to pass; profesor < estudiante> to pass
    2.
    aprobar vi estudiante to pass
    * * *
    = approve, sanction, subscribe (to), condone, pass.
    Ex. The draft was approved by the sponsoring Sections in December 1983 and proofreading and preparation of the camera-ready copy were completed by September 1984.
    Ex. Accounting for his departures from Panizzi's rules, Jewett explained that some of them 'conform more to rules advocated by Mr. Panizzi than to those finally sanctioned by the Trustees of the Museum'.
    Ex. As regards abbreviations, and the extent to which they are used, most citation standards subscribe to the use of abbreviations.
    Ex. Writers and publishers go to great lengths to avoid the appearance of supporting or condoning homosexuality.
    Ex. She could cope with the disappointment of not passing, but what I am not sure of is how much the dance examiner will mark her down for having bowed legs.
    ----
    * aprobar con los ojos cerrados = sail through + exam.
    * aprobar legislación = pass + legislation.
    * aprobar por moción = pass by + motion.
    * aprobar sin dificultad = sail through + exam.
    * aprobar una ley = pass + law, pass + legislation, pass + bill.
    * aprobar una moción = pass + resolution, adopt + resolution, approve + resolution, pass + motion.
    * aprobar una propuesta = pass + proposal, pass + proposition.
    * aprobar un examen = pass + examination, pass + an exam.
    * desaprobar = frown on/upon.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <proyecto de ley/moción> to pass; <préstamo/acuerdo/plan> to approve, sanction; <actuación/conducta> to approve of
    2) estudiante < examen> to pass; profesor < estudiante> to pass
    2.
    aprobar vi estudiante to pass
    * * *
    = approve, sanction, subscribe (to), condone, pass.

    Ex: The draft was approved by the sponsoring Sections in December 1983 and proofreading and preparation of the camera-ready copy were completed by September 1984.

    Ex: Accounting for his departures from Panizzi's rules, Jewett explained that some of them 'conform more to rules advocated by Mr. Panizzi than to those finally sanctioned by the Trustees of the Museum'.
    Ex: As regards abbreviations, and the extent to which they are used, most citation standards subscribe to the use of abbreviations.
    Ex: Writers and publishers go to great lengths to avoid the appearance of supporting or condoning homosexuality.
    Ex: She could cope with the disappointment of not passing, but what I am not sure of is how much the dance examiner will mark her down for having bowed legs.
    * aprobar con los ojos cerrados = sail through + exam.
    * aprobar legislación = pass + legislation.
    * aprobar por moción = pass by + motion.
    * aprobar sin dificultad = sail through + exam.
    * aprobar una ley = pass + law, pass + legislation, pass + bill.
    * aprobar una moción = pass + resolution, adopt + resolution, approve + resolution, pass + motion.
    * aprobar una propuesta = pass + proposal, pass + proposition.
    * aprobar un examen = pass + examination, pass + an exam.
    * desaprobar = frown on/upon.

    * * *
    vt
    A
    1 ‹proyecto de ley/moción› to pass
    2 (sancionar, dar el visto bueno a) ‹préstamo/acuerdo/plan› to approve, sanction, endorse
    3 ‹junta de accionistas/cuentas› to approve
    4 (estar de acuerdo con) ‹actuación/conducta› to approve of
    B
    1 «estudiante» ‹examen› to pass
    2 «profesor» ‹estudiante› to pass
    ■ aprobar
    vi
    «estudiante» to pass
    * * *

     

    aprobar ( conjugate aprobar) verbo transitivo
    1 ‹proyecto de ley/moción› to pass;
    ‹préstamo/acuerdo/plan› to approve, sanction;
    ‹actuación/conducta› to approve of
    2 (Educ) to pass
    verbo intransitivo [ estudiante] to pass
    aprobar verbo transitivo
    1 (autorizar) to approve
    2 (suscribir) to approve of
    3 Educ to pass
    4 Pol (una ley) to pass
    ' aprobar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    base
    - desaprobar
    - difícilmente
    - examen
    - sprint
    - aprueba
    - para
    English:
    approve
    - approve of
    - carry
    - condone
    - countenance
    - endorse
    - favor
    - favour
    - get through
    - law
    - pass
    - push through
    - sail through
    - scrape through
    - study
    - adopt
    - authorize
    - grammar
    - push
    - sanction
    - scrape
    - succeed
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [proyecto, medida] to approve;
    [ley, moción] to pass
    2. [examen, asignatura] to pass;
    me han aprobado en química I passed my chemistry exam
    3. [comportamiento] to approve of
    ♦ vi
    [estudiante] to pass
    * * *
    v/t
    1 approve; comportamiento, idea approve of; ley pass
    2 examen pass
    * * *
    aprobar {19} vt
    1) : to approve of
    2) : to pass (a law, an exam)
    : to pass (in school)
    * * *
    1. (examen, asignatura, alumno) to pass
    2. (comportamiento, persona) to approve of

    Spanish-English dictionary > aprobar

  • 16 aprobar una ley

    to pass a bill
    * * *
    (v.) = pass + law, pass + legislation, pass + bill
    Ex. In recent years many US states have passed laws protecting the confidentiality of library records.
    Ex. States began passing anti stalking legislation in 1990 after a rash of stalking related murders and publicity surrounding the stalking of celebrities.
    Ex. Before the bill was passed the government already had taken measures to block various Internet sites and restrict general access to the Web.
    * * *
    (v.) = pass + law, pass + legislation, pass + bill

    Ex: In recent years many US states have passed laws protecting the confidentiality of library records.

    Ex: States began passing anti stalking legislation in 1990 after a rash of stalking related murders and publicity surrounding the stalking of celebrities.
    Ex: Before the bill was passed the government already had taken measures to block various Internet sites and restrict general access to the Web.

    Spanish-English dictionary > aprobar una ley

  • 17 pass

    [pɑ:s, Am pæs] n <pl - es>
    ( road) Pass m;
    one of the highest \passes in Europe einer der höchsten Pässe in Europa;
    mountain \pass [Gebirgs]pass m
    2) fball, sports ( of a ball) Pass m, Vorlage f (für ein Tor);
    that was a beautiful \pass to the centre forward das war ein gekonnter Pass zum Mittelstürmer
    3) ( sweep) by a plane [Darüber]streichen nt kein pl;
    they had seen the aircraft flying low in a \pass over the ski resort sie hatten gesehen, wie das Flugzeug sehr tief über das Skigebiet hinwegflog; by a magician, conjuror [Hand]bewegung f;
    the magician made some \passes with his hands over her body der Zauberer fuhr mit der Hand mehrmals über ihren Körper
    4) (fam: sexual advance) Annäherungsversuch m;
    to make a \pass [at sb] einen Annäherungsversuch [bei jdm] machen, sich akk an jdn ranmachen ( fam)
    5) ( Brit) sch, univ ( exam success) Bestehen nt kein pl (einer Prüfung);
    to achieve grade A \passes sehr gute Noten bekommen;
    to get/obtain a \pass in an exam eine Prüfung bestehen;
    (Am) ( grade) Bestehen nt kein pl (einer Prüfung);
    in those courses they don't grade students - they just get a \pass or fail in diesen Kursen bekommen die Studenten keine Noten, sie können nur entweder bestehen oder durchfallen;
    ( proof of completion) Bestanden nt
    6) ( permit) Passierschein m;
    only people with a \pass are allowed to enter the nuclear power station nur Personen mit einem entsprechenden Ausweis dürfen das Kernkraftwerk betreten; for a festival Eintritt m, Eintrittskarte f; for public transport [Wochen-/Monats-/Jahres-]karte f;
    bus \pass Busfahrkarte f (die über einen bestimmten Zeitraum gültig ist);
    free \pass Freikarte f;
    disabled people have a free \pass for the public transport system Behinderte können die öffentlichen Verkehrsmittel kostenlos benutzen;
    ( esp Am) sch; to leave class Entschuldigung f (für das Fernbleiben vom Unterricht);
    why aren't you at the math class? - I've got a \pass warum bist du nicht im Matheunterricht? - ich hab eine Entschuldigung
    7) no pl ( predicament) Notlage f, kritische Lage;
    this is a \pass - we can't get back into the hotel da haben wir uns ja was Schönes eingebrockt - wir können nicht ins Hotel zurück ( fam)
    to come to a pretty \pass ziemlich übel [für jdn] aussehen ( fam)
    it's come to a pretty \pass when you can't even have a few quiet drinks with friends wenn man nicht mal mehr in aller Ruhe mit seinen Freunden ein paar Gläschen trinken kann, dann stimmt was nicht ( fam)
    to reach a \pass außer Kontrolle geraten, ausufern vt
    1) ( go past)
    to \pass sb/ sth an jdm/etw vorbeikommen;
    if you \pass a supermarket, can you get me some milk? würdest du mir Milch mitbringen, wenn du beim Supermarkt vorbeikommst?
    2) ( exceed)
    it \passes all belief that he could have been so selfish es ist doch wirklich nicht zu fassen, dass er dermaßen selbstsüchtig sein konnte;
    to \pass a closing date/ sell-by date verfallen;
    don't buy goods which have \passed their sell-by date kauf keine Waren, deren Verfallsdatum bereits abgelaufen ist;
    to \pass a limit eine Grenze überschreiten;
    to \pass the time limit das Zeitlimit überschreiten;
    I'm sorry, you've \passed the time limit es tut mir leid, aber Sie haben überzogen
    3) ( hand to)
    to \pass sth to sb jdm etw [herüber]reichen;
    ( bequeath to) jdm etw vererben;
    could you \pass the salt please? könnten Sie mir bitte mal das Salz [herüber]reichen?;
    I asked if I could see the letter, so she \passed it to me reluctantly ich fragte, ob ich den Brief mal sehen könnte, also gab sie ihn mir widerwillig;
    the deceased's estate was \passed to his distant relatives der Besitz des Verstorbenen fiel an seine entfernten Verwandten;
    Gerald \passed the note to me Gerald gab mir die Notiz;
    to \pass the hat [around] ( fig) den Hut herumgehen lassen;
    to be \passed to sb auf jdn übergehen;
    the responsibility was gradually \passed to the British government die Verantwortung wurde nach und nach der britischen Regierung übertragen
    to \pass money Geld in Umlauf bringen;
    I saw someone get caught trying to \pass forged five pound notes in the supermarket ich sah, wie jemand dabei erwischt wurde, als er versuchte im Supermarkt mit gefälschten Fünfpfundnoten zu bezahlen;
    I haven't trusted him since he \passed me a forged fiver ich trau ihm einfach nicht mehr, seit er versucht hat, mir einen gefälschten Fünfer anzudrehen ( fam)
    5) fball, sports
    to \pass the ball to sb jdm den Ball zuspielen;
    the crowd were shouting at the player to \pass the basketball die Zuschauermenge schrie dem Basketballspieler zu, er solle den Ball abgeben;
    to \pass the baton to sb den Stab an jdn abgeben;
    the timing of the athletes in a relay race must be perfect to \pass the baton smoothly das Timing beim Staffellauf muss absolut stimmen, damit der Stab sauber übergeben werden kann
    the cook \passed the carrots through the mixer der Koch pürierte die Karotten im Mixer;
    to \pass the water through the filter das Wasser durch den Filter laufen lassen
    7) sch, univ ( succeed)
    to \pass an exam/ a test eine Prüfung/eine Arbeit bestehen;
    (fig: meet requirements) eine Prüfung bestehen, gut genug sein;
    she \passed the oral but failed the written exam die mündliche Prüfung hat sie bestanden, aber in der schriftlichen ist sie durchgefallen;
    why the questions? - am I supposed to \pass some silly imaginary test? warum fragst du mich das? soll das vielleicht so eine Art Prüfung für mich sein?;
    to \pass muster akzeptabel sein;
    new teams won't be admitted to the league if their stadiums don't \pass muster neue Mannschaften werden nur dann in die Liga aufgenommen, wenn ihre Stadien auf dem erforderlichen Stand sind
    8) ( of time)
    to \pass one's days/ holiday [or (Am) vacation] / time doing sth seine Tage/Ferien/Zeit mit etw dat verbringen;
    it was a long train journey, but they managed to \pass three hours playing cards es war eine lange Zugfahrt, aber sie haben drei Stunden davon mit Kartenspielen herumgebracht ( fam)
    to \pass the time sich dat die Zeit vertreiben;
    I'm not very good at drawing but it helps to \pass the time ich kann zwar nicht sehr gut zeichnen, aber es ist doch ein ganz schöner Zeitvertreib;
    I just wanted to \pass the time of day with her, but she completely ignored me ich wollte wirklich nur kurz guten Tag sagen und ein wenig mit ihr plaudern, aber sie hat mich völlig links liegen lassen
    9) pol ( approve)
    to \pass sth etw verabschieden;
    they are hoping to \pass legislation which will forbid drivers aged under 25 to drink alcohol man hofft darauf, ein Gesetz einzuführen, das Fahrern unter 25 den Genuss von Alkohol verbieten würde;
    to \pass a bill/ law ein Gesetz verabschieden;
    to \pass a motion einen Antrag genehmigen;
    to \pass a resolution eine Resolution verabschieden;
    to \pass sb/ sth as fit [or suitable] jdn/etw [als] geeignet erklären;
    the restaurant was serving meat that had not been \passed as fit for human consumption in dem Restaurant wurde Fleisch serviert, das nicht für den Verzehr freigegeben war;
    he was \passed fit for military service er wurde für wehrdiensttauglich erklärt;
    the censors \passed the film as suitable for children die Zensurstelle gab den Film für Kinder frei
    to \pass a comment einen Kommentar abgeben, sich akk äußern;
    to \pass a comment on sb eine Bemerkung über jdn machen;
    to \pass judgement [on sb/sth] [über jdn/etw] urteilen [o ein Urteil fällen];
    the jury at the film festival \passed judgement on the films they had seen die Jury gab beim Filmfestival ihr Urteil über die Filme ab, die sie gesehen hatte;
    to \pass one's opinion seine Meinung sagen;
    to \pass a remark eine Bemerkung machen;
    I heard she'd been \passing remarks about me behind my back ich hörte, dass sie hinter meinem Rücken über mich hergezogen war;
    to \pass sentence [on sb] law das Urteil [über jdn] fällen
    11) med (form: excrete)
    to \pass sth etw ausscheiden;
    to \pass blood Blut im Stuhl/Urin haben;
    to \pass faeces Kot ausscheiden;
    to \pass urine urinieren;
    to \pass water Wasser lassen
    PHRASES:
    to \pass the buck [to sb/sth] (sth]) ( fam) die Verantwortung abschieben, jdm/etw den Schwarzen Peter zuschieben;
    the government has simply \passed the buck to the local authorities without offering any support die Regierung hat die Verantwortung ganz einfach auf die Kommunen abgewälzt, ohne ihnen irgendeine Unterstützung anzubieten vi
    1) ( move by) vorbeigehen, vorbeikommen;
    I was just \passing so I thought I'd drop in for a chat ich bin gerade vorbeigekommen und dachte, ich schau mal kurz auf ein paar Worte rein;
    we often \passed on the stairs wir sind uns oft im Treppenhaus begegnet;
    the road will \pass near the village die Straße wird nahe am Dorf vorbeiführen;
    the marchers \passed by without stopping die Demonstranten zogen vorüber, ohne anzuhalten;
    not one car \passed while I was there während ich dort war, fuhr nicht ein einziges Auto vorbei;
    the Queen \passed among the crowd die Königin mischte sich unter die Menge;
    he \passed nearby our group without even knowing we were there er lief nicht weit von unserer Gruppe entfernt vorbei, völlig ohne mitzukriegen, dass wir da waren;
    you'll have to \pass not far from where we'll be standing du musst sowieso ganz in der Nähe von wo wir stehen vorbei;
    the planes \passed noisily overhead die Flugzeuge donnerten vorbei ( fam)
    the bullet \passed between her shoulder blades die Kugel ging genau zwischen ihren Schulterblättern durch; ( fig)
    a momentary look of anxiety \passed across his face für einen kurzen Moment überschattete ein Ausdruck der Besorgnis seine Miene;
    to \pass unnoticed unbemerkt bleiben, überhaupt nicht auffallen;
    to \pass over sth über etw akk gleiten; plane über etw akk hinwegfliegen;
    to \pass under sth unter etw dat hindurchfahren [o gehen];
    the road \passes under the railway line die Straße führt unter einer Eisenbahnbrücke hindurch
    2) ( enter) eintreten, hereinkommen;
    may I \pass? kann ich hereinkommen?;
    that helps prevent fats \passing into the bloodstream das verhindert, dass Fette in die Blutbahn gelangen;
    to let sb [or allow sb to] \pass jdn durchlassen;
    they shall not \pass! sie werden nicht durchkommen! (Kampfruf der Antifaschisten)
    3) ( go away) vergehen, vorübergehen, vorbeigehen;
    it'll soon \pass das geht schnell vorbei;
    I felt a bit nauseous, but the mood \passed mir war ein bisschen schlecht, aber es war gleich wieder vorbei
    4) ( change)
    to \pass from sth to sth von etw dat zu etw dat übergehen;
    wax \passes from solid to liquid when you heat it beim Erhitzen wird festes Wachs flüssig;
    the water \passes from a liquid state to a solid state when frozen Wasser wird fest, wenn es gefriert
    5) ( move into)
    gradually all these English words have \passed into the German language mit der Zeit sind all diese englischen Wörter in die deutsche Sprache eingegangen
    6) ( exchange)
    no words have \passed between us since our divorce seit unserer Scheidung haben wir kein einziges Wort miteinander gewechselt;
    the looks \passing between them suggested they had a very close relationship die Blicke, die sie miteinander wechselten, ließen darauf schließen, dass sie sich sehr nahe standen;
    greetings were always \passed between them, despite their mutual animosity obwohl sie sich gegenseitig nicht ausstehen konnten, grüßten sie sich immer
    7) fball ( of a ball) zuspielen, [den Ball] abgeben;
    he's a good player but he should \pass more er ist ein guter Spieler, aber er sollte den Ball auch öfter einmal den anderen zuspielen
    8) sch ( succeed) bestehen, durchkommen;
    after taking his driving test four times he \passed at the fifth attempt last week nachdem er viermal durch die Fahrprüfung gefallen war, bestand er sie letzte Woche beim fünften Anlauf
    the resolution was \passed unanimously die Resolution wurde einstimmig angenommen;
    ‘motion \passed by a clear majority,’ said the speaker of the house „Antrag mit deutlicher Mehrheit angenommen“, sagte der Parlamentspräsident
    10) ( go by) vergehen, verstreichen;
    the evening \passed without any great disasters der Abend verlief ohne größere Zwischenfälle;
    time seems to \pass so slowly when you're in school wenn man in der Schule ist, scheint die Zeit unheimlich langsam zu vergehen;
    I saw that I had let a golden opportunity \pass ich merkte, dass ich eine wirklich einmalige Gelegenheit ungenutzt hatte verstreichen lassen;
    for a moment she thought he was going to kiss her, but the moment \passed einen kurzen Augenblick lang dachte sie, er würde sie küssen - aber dieser Moment verstrich, und nichts geschah;
    11) (fig: not answer) passen [müssen];
    what's happened here? - I'll have to \pass, I don't know either was ist denn hier passiert? - fragen Sie mich nicht, ich weiß es auch nicht;
    \pass - I don't know the answer ich passe - ich weiß es nicht;
    the second contestant \passed on four questions der zweite Wettbewerbsteilnehmer musste bei vier Fragen passen;
    12) (fig fam: not consume)
    to \pass on sth auf etw akk verzichten;
    thanks, but I think I'll \pass on the chocolates since I'm dieting danke, aber ich verzichte lieber auf die Pralinen, weil ich eine Diät mache
    I really want to go to the film, but I don't think I'd \pass as 18 ich will den Film unbedingt sehen, aber die glauben mir nie, dass ich 18 bin;
    do you think this non-matching jacket and trousers could \pass as a suit? meinst du, ich kann diese Jacke und die Hose als Anzug anziehen, obwohl sie nicht zusammengehören?;
    they recruited somebody they hoped would \pass as a German in the film für den Film haben sie jemanden engagiert, von dem sie hoffen, dass er als Deutscher durchgeht

    English-German students dictionary > pass

  • 18 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 19 infringir

    v.
    to infringe, to break.
    El ladrón quebrantó la ley The thief infringed the law.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ DIRIGIR], like link=dirigir dirigir
    1 (gen) to infringe; (ley) to break
    * * *
    verb
    to infringe, break
    * * *
    VT to infringe, contravene
    * * *
    verbo transitivo to infringe, break
    * * *
    = be in violation of, breach, violate, infringe (on/upon), transgress.
    Ex. A 'self-help' approach, whereby libraries cooperate to boycott periodical publishers who are considered to be culpable, may also be in violation of antitrust legislation.
    Ex. He defends the right to breach voluntary codes of practice so long as they are within the laws passed by country, state and city.
    Ex. Women who self-promote may suffer social reprisals for violating gender prescriptions to be modest.
    Ex. The Act undoubtedly has the potential to infringe gravely upon the civil liberties of UK citizens.
    Ex. But it is Islam's strict code of sexual modesty that Islamists most often transgress.
    ----
    * infringir la confidencialidad = breach + confidentiality.
    * infringir la ley = break + the law.
    * infringir una ley = infringe + law, violate + law, breach + law, be in breach of + law.
    * infringir una norma = infringe + standard, violate + rule, violate + regulation, break + rules.
    * infringir una regla = violate + rule.
    * infringir un derecho = infringe + right, violate + right.
    * infringir un principio = violate + principle.
    * no infringir las leyes = stay on + the right side of the law, keep on + the right side of the law.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo to infringe, break
    * * *
    = be in violation of, breach, violate, infringe (on/upon), transgress.

    Ex: A 'self-help' approach, whereby libraries cooperate to boycott periodical publishers who are considered to be culpable, may also be in violation of antitrust legislation.

    Ex: He defends the right to breach voluntary codes of practice so long as they are within the laws passed by country, state and city.
    Ex: Women who self-promote may suffer social reprisals for violating gender prescriptions to be modest.
    Ex: The Act undoubtedly has the potential to infringe gravely upon the civil liberties of UK citizens.
    Ex: But it is Islam's strict code of sexual modesty that Islamists most often transgress.
    * infringir la confidencialidad = breach + confidentiality.
    * infringir la ley = break + the law.
    * infringir una ley = infringe + law, violate + law, breach + law, be in breach of + law.
    * infringir una norma = infringe + standard, violate + rule, violate + regulation, break + rules.
    * infringir una regla = violate + rule.
    * infringir un derecho = infringe + right, violate + right.
    * infringir un principio = violate + principle.
    * no infringir las leyes = stay on + the right side of the law, keep on + the right side of the law.

    * * *
    infringir [I7 ]
    vt
    to infringe, break
    * * *

    infringir ( conjugate infringir) verbo transitivo
    to infringe, break
    infringir verbo transitivo to infringe
    infringir una ley, to break a law
    ' infringir' also found in these entries:
    English:
    infringe
    - law
    - violate
    - breach
    - break
    - offend
    * * *
    [quebrantar] to infringe, to break
    * * *
    v/t JUR infringe, violate
    * * *
    infringir {35} vt
    : to infringe, to breach
    * * *
    infringir vb (ley) to break [pt. broke; pp. broken]

    Spanish-English dictionary > infringir

  • 20 violar

    v.
    1 to violate, to infringe (ley, derechos).
    Ella viola la ley She violates the law.
    Ellos violaron a Rosa They raped Rosa.
    2 to rape (person).
    * * *
    1 (transgredir) to violate, infringe
    2 (lugar) to violate, trespass; (tumba) to desecrate
    3 (persona) to rape
    * * *
    verb
    2) rape
    * * *
    VT
    1) [+ persona] to rape
    2) [+ ley] to break, infringe frm; [+ acuerdo, principio] to violate, breach; [+ derecho, territorio] to violate; [+ domicilio] to break into, force entry into
    3) (=profanar) to violate
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    a) < persona> to rape
    b) < ley> to violate, break; <tratado/derecho> to violate; < templo> to violate
    * * *
    = be in violation of, breach, violate, rape, infringe (on/upon).
    Ex. A 'self-help' approach, whereby libraries cooperate to boycott periodical publishers who are considered to be culpable, may also be in violation of antitrust legislation.
    Ex. He defends the right to breach voluntary codes of practice so long as they are within the laws passed by country, state and city.
    Ex. Women who self-promote may suffer social reprisals for violating gender prescriptions to be modest.
    Ex. The second case involved a complaint by a woman claiming that she had been raped by Boston Celtics rookie, Marcus Smith, just after he broke off their three month relationship.
    Ex. The Act undoubtedly has the potential to infringe gravely upon the civil liberties of UK citizens.
    ----
    * violar la intimidad = invade + privacy.
    * violar los derechos = invade + rights.
    * violar una ley = violate + law, break + the law, be in breach of + law.
    * violar un derecho = infringe + right, violate + right.
    * violar un principio = violate + principle.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    a) < persona> to rape
    b) < ley> to violate, break; <tratado/derecho> to violate; < templo> to violate
    * * *
    = be in violation of, breach, violate, rape, infringe (on/upon).

    Ex: A 'self-help' approach, whereby libraries cooperate to boycott periodical publishers who are considered to be culpable, may also be in violation of antitrust legislation.

    Ex: He defends the right to breach voluntary codes of practice so long as they are within the laws passed by country, state and city.
    Ex: Women who self-promote may suffer social reprisals for violating gender prescriptions to be modest.
    Ex: The second case involved a complaint by a woman claiming that she had been raped by Boston Celtics rookie, Marcus Smith, just after he broke off their three month relationship.
    Ex: The Act undoubtedly has the potential to infringe gravely upon the civil liberties of UK citizens.
    * violar la intimidad = invade + privacy.
    * violar los derechos = invade + rights.
    * violar una ley = violate + law, break + the law, be in breach of + law.
    * violar un derecho = infringe + right, violate + right.
    * violar un principio = violate + principle.

    * * *
    violar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 ‹persona› to rape, violate ( frml)
    2 ‹tratado/ley› to violate, break; ‹derecho› to violate; ‹espacio aéreo› to violate
    3 ‹templo› to violate
    * * *

     

    violar ( conjugate violar) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹ persona› to rape

    b) ‹ ley› to violate, break;

    ‹tratado/derecho› to violate;
    ‹ templo› to violate
    violar verbo transitivo
    1 (un contrato, ley, etc) to violate, infringe
    2 (a una persona) to rape
    ' violar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    atropellar
    - forzar
    - violentar
    - ley
    English:
    gang bang
    - infringe
    - rape
    - ravish
    - violate
    - breach
    - law
    * * *
    violar vt
    1. [persona] to rape
    2. [ley, derechos] to violate, to infringe;
    [domicilio] to break into
    * * *
    v/t
    1 rape
    2 derechos violate
    * * *
    violar vt
    1) : to rape
    2) : to violate (a law or right)
    3) profanar: to desecrate

    Spanish-English dictionary > violar

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